Level 5
Ch: Provinces of Pakistan
Q. Write the short note on the following.
a) Sindh b) Punjab c) Balochistan d)NWFP
Ans.
a) Sindh:
Sindh is the southern most province of Pakistan. Its name comes from an old Sanskrit word ‘Sindh' for Indus River. The capital of the province is Karachi. The history of Sindh dates back to thousands of years. The major crops of Sindh are wheat, rice, pulses, oil seeds, cotton, sugar, chillies, fruits, such as banana, mango, dates and melon. Most of the people from the rural areas are farmers. Sindhi is the principal language of the province. Other languages are also spoken such as Urdu, Seraiki and Gujrati.
b) Punjab:
Punjab means ‘ land of five rivers ‘. Punjab is the most fertile region in the country. Punjab the most populated province with 70 million people, almost half of the population of the whole country is concentrated in Punjab. Most of Pakistan's crops such as wheat, rice, barley, maize, pulses, oil-seeds, sugar-cane and tobacco are grown in Punjab. Punjab played a major role during the independence movement. The All India Muslim League passed the Pakistan Resolution in Lahore on 23rd March, 1940. Today, Punjab is a progressive and prosperous province.
c) Balochistan:
Balochistan is the largest province in Pakistan. It covers nearly half of Pakistan's land surface. Balochi is the principal language of the province but the people speak Pashtu, Persian and Brauhi as well. Balochistan became part of Pakistan in 1947 at the time of Independence. Balochistan is known as Pakistan's fruit garden. Fruit farming is centred around Quetta and Pishin where apples, apricots, peaches, cherries, grapes, plums, pomegranates, walnuts and a variety of melons are grown. The people are known as Balochi. In the south there is a small population of Makrani tribes.
d) NWFP or Khyber Pakhtunkhwa:
The North-West Frontier Province is located in the north-western regions of Pakistan. NWFP borders Afghanistan. The fertile valleys of Swat, Kaghan, Chitral, Dir and Peshawar are also known for fruit orchards of apples, melons, peaches and pear cultivation. The people of this province are known as Pathans. The all come from various Pusthun tribes of the area. It is one of the largest tribal communities of the world with almost 18 million people in NWFP and Afghanistan. Peshawar city is the capital of the NWFP.
Ch: Ocean and Seas
Q. What is Sea?
Ans. Oceans and seas are large masses of water on the Earth. The sea is a smaller body of water closer to the land. The water from the rivers, streams and rain flows into the seas. Sea water has different temperatures, depths and content of minerals and salt.
Q. What are tides? How can we measure tides?
Ans. Tides are the rise and fall of the water of the Earth produced by the gravitational attraction of the moon and the sun. The tides are measured by a tide-gauge.
Q.Name the five great oceans in the world and also name the seas of each ocean.
Ans.
1- The Pacific Ocean:
The Pacific Ocean lies between Asian and American continents. It is the largest and deepest ocean in the world.
The seas of the Pacific Ocean are:
Sea of Japan, East China Sea, South China Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, Yellow Sea, Coral Sea, Arafura Sea
2- TheAtlantic Ocean:
The Atlantic Ocean separates the continents of Europe and Africa from the North and South Americas.
The seas of the Atlantic Ocean are:
Beaufort Sea, Bering Sea, Caribbean Sea.
3- The Indian Ocean:
The Indian Ocean is the third largest body of water. It is 28 million square miles, which lies between Africa and Australia.
The seas of the Indian Ocean are the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea, Java Sea, Andaman Sea and many others.
4- The Arctic Ocean:
The Arctic Ocean lies at the North Pole and the Arctic Circle. It is an ocean that borders the continents of Europe, Asia and North America. Arctic Ocean is the smallest ocean.
The seas of the Artic Ocean are:
North Sea, Norwegian Sea, Kara Sea, East Siberian Sea, Baltic Sea, Barents Sea, Laptev Sea, Bering Sea
5- The Southern Ocean:
The Southern Ocean is a large area of water near Antarctica at the South Pole. The water of the seas are ice-cold and frozen with huge glaciers known as ‘ice-bergs'.
Q. What do you know about Dead Sea?
Ans. The salt content in the Dead Sea is so high, that plants and marine life cannot survive in its water. That is why it is called the Dead Sea. The water allows all things to float on its surface. Therefore no one can drown in this sea.
Ch: Landforms
Q. Write the short note on
1- Fold Mountains, 2- Cliffs, 3- Bays, 4- Peninsula,5- Valleys, 6- Deltas, 7- Plateaus,
8- Volcanoes, 9- Hills, 10- River, 11- Lakes, 12- Waterfalls, 13- Springs, 14- Rapids, 15- Tundra,
16- Taiga, 17- Grassland, 18- Tropical grasslands, 19- Rain forests, 20- Mediterranean woodlands,
21- Coniferous forests, 22- Deserts
Fold mountains are mountains formed mainly by the effects of folding on layers within the upper part of the Earth's crust.